Corporate Social Responsibility for Flood Mitigation in Malaysia

Authors

Sanil S. Hishan
Azman Hashim International Business School (AHIBS), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Suresh Ramakrishnan
Azman Hashim International Business School, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor, Malaysia

Keywords:

Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR Risk Management, Environmental Uncertainty, Flood Mitigation

Synopsis

The idea of this book originated from my research work on floods in Malaysia after the country faced a flood disaster in 2014, which was one of the worst floods in decades. During this period, I felt there was need to know how the corporate sector in Malaysia contributes to the efforts to mitigate floods in Malaysia, as this is one of the major natural disasters which Malaysians face every year. This book writeup spanned for over seven years, where we collected data from various secondary sources and in-depth interview with many of the stakeholders involved in handling floods in Malaysia. The main purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the efforts towards flood mitigation from the Malaysian listed companies. The book contains analysis about the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) efforts from more than 900 companies which was listed in Bursa Malaysia in 2014-2015. Many of the findings and recommendations presented in this book is suitable to the contemporary research work in CSR. The book begins with the introduction to disaster management and CSR in the chapter 1. Chapter 2 presents the literature review of the research in the field of disaster management in Malaysia. In Chapter 3, we explain about the methodology used for this research and gives an idea to the readers on how this study was conducted. Finally, Chapter 4, 5 and 6 summarizes the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of this study. This book will give an insight into how Malaysia’s listed companies can contribute to mitigating the flood disaster.

References

Abd-Mutalib, H., Jamil, C. M., & Wan-Hussin, W. N. (2014). The availability, extent and quality of sustainability reporting by Malaysian listed firms: Subsequent to mandatory disclosure. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 6(2), 239-257.

Adeniyi, O., Perera, S., & Collins, A. (2016). Review of finance and investment in disaster resilience in the built environment. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 20(3), 224-238.

Adger, W. N. (2006). Vulnerability. Global environmental change, 16(3), 268-281.

Agle, B. R., Mitchell, R. K., & Sonnenfeld, J. A. (1999). Who matters to CEOs? An investigation of stakeholder attributes and salience, corpate performance, and Ceo values. Academy of Management journal, 42(5), 507-525.

Ahmed, N. U., Montagno, R. V., & Firenze, R. J. (1998). Organizational performance and environmental consciousness: an empirical study. Management Decision, 36(2), 57-62.

Airey, D., & Tribe, J. (2000). Education for hospitality. In search of hospitality: Theoretical perspectives and debates, 276-291.

Auckerman, L. W. (1973). Semiconductors and Semimetals, edited by RK Willardson and AC Beer.

Ackerman, R. W. (1973). Social responsiveness in the large corporation. In Academy of Management Professional Papers, National Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts.

Allen, M. W., & Craig, C. A. (2016). Rethinking corporate social responsibility in the age of climate change: a communication perspective. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 1(1), 1.

Alley, R. B., Marotzke, J., Nordhaus, W. D., Overpeck, J. T., Peteet, D. M., Pielke, R. A., & Wallace, J. M. (2003). Abrupt climate change. science, 299(5615), 2005-2010.

Alexander, D. (2002). From civil defence to civil protection-and back again. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 11(3), 209-213.

Alice, M., & Costa, N. (2015). Chapter 3 CSR and NGOs: A relationship of governance? NGOs and Social Responsibility.

Allouche, J. and Laroche, P. (2005a), ‘Responsabilite´ sociale et performance financie`re des entreprises: une synthe`se de la litte´rature’, Actes du colloque organisé par CREFIGE et CERIT (Nancy), 17–19 Mars.

Aluchna, M. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility vs. Business Strategy. Upravlenec, 9(4).

Alvarez, Burgos and Cespedes: 2001, ‘An Analysis of Environmental Management, organizational context and performance of Spanish Hotels, omega 29(6), 457–471.

Anderson, C. L., & Bieniaszewska, R. L. (2005). The role of corporate social responsibility in an oil company's expansion into new territories. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 12(1), 1-9.

AsiaOne, 2010. Top headlines from Chinese evening dailies. 〈http:/www.asiaone.com/print/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Singapore/Story/A1Story20101110-246663.html〉.

Attride-Stirling, J. (2001). Thematic networks: an analytic tool for qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 1(3), 385-405.

Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B. and Hatfield, J. D. (1985), ‘An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability’, Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), pp. 446–463.

Bacharach, S. B. (1989). Organizational theories: Some criteria for evaluation. Academy of management review, 14(4), 496-515.

Bardone-Cone, A. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Frost, R. O., Bulik, C. M., Mitchell, J. E., Uppala, S., & Simonich, H. (2007). Perfectionism and eating disorders: Current status and future directions. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(3), 384-405.

Barney, J. B., & Hansen, M. H. (1994). Trustworthiness as a source of competitive advantage. Strategic management journal, 15(S1), 175-190.

Barredo, J. I. (2009). Normalised flood losses in Europe: 1970–2006. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9(1), 97-104.

Bacharach, S. B. (1989). Organizational theories: Some criteria for evaluation. Academy of management review, 14(4), 496-515.

Beauchamp, T. L., & Bowie, N. E. (2001). Ethical Theory and Business 7 Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River. New Jersey.

Begum, R. A., & Pereira, J. J. (2011). Corporate perceptions of climate change in Malaysia. African journal of business management, 5(11), 4299-4305.

Becchetti, L., Di Giacomo, S., & Pinnacchio, D. (2008). Corporate social responsibility and corporate performance: evidence from a panel of US listed companies. Applied Economics, 40(5), 541-567.

Becker, Brian and Gerhart, Barry, 1996, The impact of human resource management on organizational performance: Progress and prospects, Academy of Management Journal, 39, nr. 4, pp. 779-801.

Becker-Olsen, K.L., Cudmore, B. A. & Hill, R. P. (2006). The impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on consumer behavior. Journal of Business Research, 59, 46-53.

Berelson, B. (1952). Content analysis in communication research.

Berman, S. L., A. C. Wicks, S. Kotha and T. M. Jones:1999, Does Stakeholder Orientation Matter? The Relationship Between Stakeholder Management Models and Firm Financial Performance, Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), 488–506

Bernama. (2012, March 13). Education Transformation Needful to Create Thinking Generation – Najib. Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Retrieved March 29, 2012, from http://1malaysia.com.my/news/education- transformation-needful-to-create-thinking-generation-najib/, pp.3.

Bhatt, R. M. (2002). Corporate social responsibility and natural disaster reduction: local overview of Gujarat. Disaster Mitigation Institute, Ahmedabad.

Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2004). Doing better at doing good: When, why, and how consumers respond to corporate social initiatives. California management review, 47(1), 9-24.

Birks, M., & Mills, J. (2010). Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide. Los Angeles: Sage Publications Ltd.

Boehm, A. (2009), Business social responsibility: perspectives of businesses and social workers’, Journal of Social Service Research, 35(3), 262-273.

Bogdan, R., & Biklen, S. (2007). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and practice.

Bowen, H. R. (1953). Social responsibilities of the businessman: University of Iowa Press, 2013.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.

Brinke, W. B., Saeijs, G. E., Helsloot, I., & van Alphen, J. (2008, June). Safety chain approach in flood risk management. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer, (Vol. 161, No. 2, pp. 93-102). London: Published for the Institution of Civil Engineers by Thomas Telford Services, c1992-.

Brown, T. J., & Dacin, P. A. (1997). The company and the product: Corporate associations and consumer product responses. The Journal of Marketing, 68-84.

Brugmann, J. and C. K. Prahalad: 2007, ‘Co-Creating Business’s New Social Compact’, Harvard Business Review, 85(2), 80–90

Bryant, A., & Charmaz, K. (2007). Grounded Theory in Historical Perspective: An Epistemological Account. In K. Charmaz & A. Bryant (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory (pp. 31-57). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Buciuniene, I., & Kazlauskaite, R. (2012). The linkage between HRM, CSR and performance outcomes. Baltic Journal of Management, 7(1), 5-24.

Bunderson, J. S., & Thompson, J. A. (2009). The call of the wild: Zookeepers, callings, and the double-edged sword of deeply meaningful work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(1), 32-57.

Burke, L., & Logsdon, J. M. (1996). How corporate social responsibility pays off. Long Range Planning, 29(4), 495-502.

Buhr, N. (2002). A structuration view on the initiation of environmental reports. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 13(1), 17-38.

Carspecken, Phil Francis. 1996. Critical Ethnography Educational Research. New York: Routledge

Carroll, A. B. (1979). A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance. The Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497-505. doi: 10.2307/257850

Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of a Definitional Construct. Business & Society, Vol. 38 (No. 3), 268-295.

Carroll, A. B., & Shabana, K. M. (2010). The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Concepts, Research and Practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 85-105.

Carroll, A. B. (2016). Carroll’s pyramid of CSR: taking another look. International journal of corporate social responsibility, 1(1), 3.

CCPA, 2000. The Ethics and Codes of Practice of Responsible Care. Canadian Chemical Producers Association (CCPA), Ottawa.

Challies, E., Newig, J., Thaler, T., Kochskämper, E., & Levin-Keitel, M. (2016). Participatory and collaborative governance for sustainable flood risk management: An emerging research agenda. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 275-280.

Chan, N. W. (1995). Choice and constraints in floodplain occupation: The influence of structural factors on residential location in Peninsular Malaysia. Disasters, 19(4), 287-307.

Chan, N. W. (2015). Impacts of disasters and disaster risk management in Malaysia: The case of floods. In Resilience and Recovery in Asian Disasters, (pp. 239-265). Springer Japan.

Chapple, W., & Moon, J. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Asia: A Seven-Country Study of CSR Web Site Reporting. Business & Society, 44(4), 415-441. doi: 10.1177/0007650305281658

Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis. London: SAGE Publications.

Chen, Y., & Zhu, J. (2004). Measuring information technology's indirect impact on firm performance. Information Technology and Management, 5(1-2), 9-22.

Cheney, G. (2004), ‘The Corporate Conscience and the Triple Bottom Line’, Accounting Today.

Chiu, S. C., & Sharfman, M. (2011). Legitimacy, visibility, and the antecedents of corporate social performance: An investigation of the instrumental perspective. Journal of Management, 37(6), 1558-1585.

Christman P. (2000). Effects of ‘‘Best Practices’’ of Environmental Management on Cost Advantage. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 663 680.

CICR, (2004), The triple bottom line. Centre for Innovation in Corporate Responsibility. Available at http://www.cicr.net/tblbasics.html. found 11/09/2015.

Clark, C. E. (2000). Differences between public relations and corporate social responsibility: An analysis. Public Relations Review, 26(3), 363-380.

Clark, A. M., Friedman, E. J., & Hochstetler, K. (1998). The sovereign limits of global civil society: a comparison of NGO participation in UN world conferences on the environment, human rights, and women. World politics, 51(01), 1-35.

Clarkson, M. E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of management review, 20(1), 92-117.

Coleman, L. (2011), ‘Losses from Failure of Stakeholder Sensitive Processes: Financial Consequences for Large US Companies from Breakdowns in Product, Environmental, and Accounting Standards’, Journal of Business Ethics, 98(2) pp. 247-258.

Cole F.L. (1988) Content analysis: process and application. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 2(1), 53–57

Coombs, W. T. (1999). Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (3 ed.). California: SAGE Publications.

Cordeiro, J. J. and Sarkis, J. (1997), ‘Environmental proactivism and firm performance: evidence from security analyst earning forecast. Business Strategy and the Environment’, 6 (2), pp. 104–114.

Cornell, B. and Shapiro, A. (1987), ‘Corporate Stakeholders and Corporate Finance’, Financial Management, 16(1), pp. 5–14.

Crane, A., Matten, D. and Moon, J. (2008), ‘Citizenship Ecologies and the Corporation: Examining the Relevance of Ecological Citizenship for Redefining Corporate Responsibilities’, Organization & Environment, 21(4) pp. 371-389.

Crane, A., Matten, D., & Spence, L. J. (Eds.). (2008). Corporate social responsibility: Readings and cases in a global context, (pp. 5-37). London: Routledge.

Creswell, J. W. (2002). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative, (pp. 146-166). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Cutter, S. L., Ahearn, J. A., Amadei, B., Crawford, P., Eide, E. A., Galloway, G. E., Schoch-Spana, M. (2013). Disaster resilience: A national imperative. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 55(2), 25-29.

Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1-13. Doi: 10.1002/csr.132

Daly, C., Taylor, G. H., & Gibson, W. P. (1997, October). The PRISM approach to mapping precipitation and temperature. In Proc., 10th AMS Conf. on Applied Climatology, (pp. 20-23).

Dass, A. (1991). Not Beyond Repair: Reflections of a Malaysian Trade Unionist. Asia Monitor Resource Center.

D’Amato, A., Henderson, S., & Florence, S. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and sustainable business. A Guide to Leadership tasks and functions, 102.

Davis, K. (1960). Can Business Afford to Ignore Social Responsibilities? California Management Review, 2(3), 70-76.

Dawes, J. (1999). The relationship between subjective and objective company performance measures in market orientation research: further empirical evidence. Marketing Bulletin-Department of Marketing Massey University, 10, 65-75.

Dayre, E. (2000). " Reserving translation": From the philosophy of Kant to the poetry of Rimbaud. LITTERATURE, (120), 59-71.

Demarrais, K. (2004). Qualitative interview studies: Learning through experience. Foundations for research: Methods of inquiry in education and the social sciences, 1(1), 51-68.

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1998). The Landscape of Qualitative Research: Theories and Issues.

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2000). The discipline and practice of qualitative research. Handbook of qualitative research, 2, 1-28.

De la Poterie, A. T., & Baudoin, M. A. (2015). From Yokohama to Sendai: Approaches to participation in international disaster risk reduction frameworks. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 6(2), 128-139.

Dey, I. (1999). Grounding Grounded Theory: Guidelines for Qualitative Inquiry. San Diego: Academic Press.

Dey, I. (2007). Grounding Categories. In A. Bryant & K. Charmaz (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory, (pp. 167-190). London: SAGE Publications

Doane, D. (2004). From red tape to road signs: redefining regulation and its purpose. http://www.eldis.org/go/home&id=16655&type=Document#.VQ4t9OGorKi

Douglas, D. (2003). Inductive theory generation: A grounded approach to business inquiry. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 2(1), 47-54.

Donaldson, T., & Dunfee, T. W. (1994). Toward a unified conception of business ethics: Integrative social contracts theory. Academy of management review, 19(2), 252-284.

Donaldson, T., & Dunfee, T. W. (1995). Integrative social contracts theory: A communitarian conception of economic ethics. Economics & Philosophy, 11(1), 85-112.

Drucker, P. (1954). The principles of management. New York.

Duchscher, J., & Morgan, D. (2004). Grounded theory: reflections on the emergence vs. forcing debate. Methodological Issues in Nursing Research, 48(6), 605-612

Economic Planning Unit. (2015). Eleventh Malaysia Plan - 2016 - 2020. Malaysia: Economic Planning Unit - Malaysia.

Edwards, M. (2004). Civil Society. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 15(4), 405-407.

Edwards, J. C., Kang, J., & Silenas, R. (2008). Promoting regional disaster preparedness among rural hospitals. The Journal of Rural Health, 24(3), 321-325.

Eisingerich, A. B., Rubera, G., & Seifert, M. (2009). Managing service innovation and interorganizational relationships for firm performance to commit or diversify?. Journal of Service Research, 11(4), 344-356.

Elkington, J. (2004). Enter the triple bottom line. The triple bottom line: Does it all add up, 11(12), 1-16.

Ellen, P. S., Mohr, L. A., & Webb, D. J. (2000). Charitable programs and the retailer: do they mix?. Journal of retailing, 76(3), 393-406.

Emerson, J. (2003) ‘The Blended Value Proposition: Integrating social and financial returns’, California Management Review,45(4), pp. 35-51.

Emshoff, J. R., & Freeman, R. E. (1978). Stakeholder management. Wharton Applied Research Center.

EM-DAT (2005): The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database. www.cred.be/emdat - Université Catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgium

Engle, R. L. (2007). Corporate social responsibility in host countries: a perspective from American managers. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 14(1), 16-27.

Economic & Social Commission of the Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) (2015) Overview of Natural Disasters and their Impacts in Asia and the Pacific, 1970 – 2014. Technical Paper Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division.

Esrock, S. L., & Leichty, G. B. (1998). Social responsibility and corporate web pages: Self-presentation or agenda-setting?. Public relations review, 24(3), 305-319.

Elliott, J. (2005). Using narrative in social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage Publications.

Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of advanced nursing, 62(1), 107-115.

Farook, S., & Lanis, R. (2005). Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: The Case of Islamic Banks," Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand Conference, Melbourne, June.

Fauset, C. (2006). What's Wrong with Corporate Social Responsibility? (pp. 1-32).

Fifka, M. S. (2009). Towards a more business-oriented definition of corporate social responsibility: discussing the core controversies of a well-established concept. Journal of Service Science and Management, 2(04), 312.

Flynn, S. E., & Relations, C. o. F. (2007). The Edge of Disaster: Rebuilding a Resilient Nation: Random House

Fombrun, C. J. and Shanley, M. (1990), ‘What's in a name? Reputation building and corporate strategy’, Academy of Management Journal, 33, pp. 233-258.

Fontaine, M. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and sustainability: the new bottom line?. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(4).

Forchhammer, M. C., & Post, E. (2004). Using large‐scale climate indices in climate change ecology studies. Population Ecology, 46(1), 1-12.

Fossey, E., Harvey, C., McDermott, F., & Davidson, L. (2002). Understanding and evaluating qualitative research. Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 36(6), 717-732.

Frankental, P. (2001). Corporate social responsibility-a PR invention?. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 6(1), 18-23.

Frederick, W. C. (1960). The growing concern over business responsibility. California Management Review, 2(4), 54-61.

Frederick, W. C., & From, C. S. R. (1978). to CSR2: The maturing of business and society thought, Business and Society, 33(2), 1994.

Frederick, W. C. (2006). Corporation Be Good! The Story of Corporate Social Responsibility.

Freedman, M. and Jaggi, B. (1982), ‘Pollution Disclosure, Pollution Performance and Economic Performance’, Omega, 10(2), pp. 167-176.

Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach.

Friedman, M. (1970). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York, 122-124.

Gahlot, S. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility: Current Scenario. Research Journal of Management Sciences, 2(12), 12-14.

Gardberg, N. A., & Fombrun, C. J. (2006). Corporate citizenship: Creating intangible assets across institutional environments. Academy of management Review, 31(2), 329-346.

Garriga, E., & Melé, D. (2004). Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory. Journal of business ethics, 53(1-2), 51-71.

Gao, J., & Bansal, P. (2013). Instrumental and integrative logics in business sustainability. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(2), 241-255.

Gephart Jr, R. P. (2004). Qualitative research and the Academy of Management Journal.

Geva, A. (2008). Three models of corporate social responsibility: Interrelationships between theory, research, and practice. Business and society review, 113(1), 1-41.

Ghobadian, A., Money, K., & Hillenbrand, C. (2015). Corporate responsibility research: Past—present—future.

Giske, T., & Artinian, B. (2007). A personal experience of working with classical grounded theory: From beginner to experienced grounded theorist. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 6(4), 67-80.

Gladwin, T. N., Kennelly, J. J., & Krause, T. S. (1995). Shifting paradigms for sustainable development: Implications for management theory and research. Academy of management Review, 20(4), 874-907.

Glaser, B. (1978). Theoretical Sensitivity. Mill Valley, California: Sociology Press

Glaser, B. (1998). Doing Grounded Theory: Issues and Discussions. California: Sociology Press

Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine De Gruyter

Global Trade Performance Report (2005) http://www.miti.gov.my/miti/resources/MITI_Report_2015-5.pdf. Retrieved : 15th March 2014

Goddard, W., & Melville, S. (2004). Research methodology: An introduction. Juta and Company Ltd.

Godfrey, P. C. (2005). The relationship between corporate philanthropy and shareholder wealth: A risk management perspective. Academy of management review, 30(4), 777-798.

Godfrey, P. C., Merrill, C. B., & Hansen, J. M. (2009). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: An empirical test of the risk management hypothesis. Strategic Management Journal, 30(4), 425-445.

Goldblatt, H., Karnieli-Miller, O., & Neumann, M. (2011). Sharing qualitative research findings with participants: Study experiences of methodological and ethical dilemmas. Patient education and counseling, 82(3), 389-395.

Golicic, S. L., & Smith, C. D. (2013). A meta‐analysis of environmentally sustainable supply chain management practices and firm performance. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 49(2), 78-95.

Gorte, J. (2005), Corporate social responsibility: close to victory, The Journal of Investing, 14(3), 140–141.

Goulding, C. (1998). Grounded theory: the missing methodology on the interpretivist agenda. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 1(1), 50-57.

Goulding, C. (2005). Grounded theory, ethnography and phenomenology: A comparative analysis of three qualitative strategies for marketing research. European Journal of Marketing, 39(3/4), 294-308.

Grawe, S. J., Chen, H., & Daugherty, P. J. (2009). The relationship between strategic orientation, service innovation, and performance. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 39(4), 282-300.

Gray, R., Owen, D., & Maunders, K. (1987). Corporate social reporting: Accounting and accountability. Prentice-Hall International.

Gray, R., Kouhy, R., & Lavers, S. (1995). Corporate social and environmental reporting: a review of the literature and a longitudinal study of UK disclosure. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 8(2), 47-77.

Gray, R. and Milne, M. J. (2004), ‘Towards Reporting on The Triple Bottom Line: Mirages, Methods and Myths’, in: A Henriques and J. Richardson (eds.), The Triple Bottom Line: Does it All Add Up? London: Earthscan.

Griffin, J. J., & Mahon, J. F. (1997). The corporate social performance and corporate financial performance debate twenty-five years of incomparable research. Business & Society, 36(1), 5-31.

Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of qualitative research, 2(163-194), 105.

Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. (1994). Competing Paradigms in Qualitative Research. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 105-107). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

Guthrie, J., & Parker, L. D. (1989). Corporate social reporting: a rebuttal of legitimacy theory. Accounting and business research, 19(76), 343-352.

Gunasekaran, A., & Kobu, B. (2007). Performance measures and metrics in logistics and supply chain management: a review of recent literature (1995–2004) for research and applications. International Journal of Production Research, 45(12), 2819-2840.

Gupta, S., Sukhmani, & Kalra, N. (2012). Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on SMEs in India. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 8(2), 133-143. doi: 10.1177/2319510X1200800206

Hall, J., & Solomatine, D. (2008). A framework for uncertainty analysis in flood risk management decisions. International Journal of River Basin Management, 6(2), 85-98.

Hall, J., Meadowcroft, I., Sayers, P., Bramley, M., (2003). Integrated flood risk management in England and Wales. Nat. Hazards Rev. 4(3), 126–135.

Hallberg, L. R. M. (2006). The core category of grounded theory: Making constant comparisons. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 1(3), 141-148.

Hamid, F. Z. A., & Atan, R. (2011). Corporate social responsibility by the Malaysian telecommunication firms. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(5), 198-208.

Haniffa, R. M., & Cooke, T. E. (2005). The impact of culture and governance on corporate social reporting. Journal of accounting and public policy, 24(5), 391-430.

Handmer, J. (2000). Are emergency services becoming private?. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 15(3), 42.

Hamzah, N., & Abdullah, M. (2018). Stakeholder Power towards Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility Disclosure: Evidence from Malaysia. Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance, 10, 1-10.

Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1984). Structural inertia and organizational change. American sociological review, 149-164.

Harmeling S. Global climate risk index 2012: who suffers most from extreme weather? Weather-related loss events in 2010 and 1991 to 2010. Berlin and Bonn, Germany: Germanwatch, 2012. Available at http://www.germanwatch.org/cri

Harian, B. (2014). Banjir, kerugian hartabenda awam di Kelantan cecah 1 Billion-Mustapha. 1 Januari 2015. Semasa. BH Online.

Harrington, D., & Akehurst, G. (1996). Service quality and business performance in the UK hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 15(3), 283-298.

Hedberg, C. J., & Von Malmborg, F. (2003). The global reporting initiative and corporate sustainability reporting in Swedish companies. Corporate social responsibility and environmental management, 10(3), 153-164.

Herweijer, C., Ranger, N., & Ward, R. E. (2009). Adaptation to climate change: threats and opportunities for the insurance industry. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Issues and Practice, 34(3), 360-380.

Heintz, M.D., Hagemeier-Klose, M., Klaus, W., 2012. Towards a risk governance culture in flood policy: findings from the implementation of the ‘floods directive’ in Germany. Water 4, 135–156.

Hall, J., & Solomatine, D. (2008). A framework for uncertainty analysis in flood risk management decisions. International Journal of River Basin Management, 6(2), 85-98.

Hiatt, S. R., Sine, W. D., & Tolbert, P. S. (2009). From Pabst to Pepsi: The deinstitutionalization of social practices and the creation of entrepreneurial opportunities. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(4), 635-667.

Higgs, J. (2001). Charting standpoints in qualitative research. Critical moments in qualitative research, 44-67.

Hill, R. P., Ainscough, T., Shank, T., & Manullang, D. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and socially responsible investing: A global perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 70(2), 165-174.

Hillman, A. J., & Keim, G. D. (2001). Shareholder value, stakeholder management, and social issues: what's the bottom line?. Strategic management journal, 22(2), 125-139.

Hishan, S. S., Ramakrishnan, S., Manokaran, K. R., Jusoh, A., Qureshi, M. I., & Idris, N. (2018). Flood Disaster Management as A CSR Agenda for the Malaysian Listed Companies. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 477-482.

Hobson, J. (2003). The Case for More Exploratory and Grounded Tourism Research: Martin Oppermann Memorial Lecture 2001. Pacific Tourism Review, 6, 73-81.

Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Mechler, R., & Mochizuki, J. (2015). A risk management tool for tackling country-wide contingent disasters: A case study on Madagascar. Environmental Modelling & Software, 72, 44-55.

Hooke, W. H. (2000). US participation in international decade for natural disaster reduction. Natural Hazards Review, 1(1), 2-9.

Hogner, R. H. (1982). Corporate social reporting: eight decades of development at US Steel. Research in corporate performance and policy, 4(1), 243-250.

Horwich, G. (1993). The role of the for-profit private sector in disaster mitigation and response. International journal of mass emergencies and disasters, 11(2), 189-205.

Horgan, S. (2005), “Kids as stakeholders in business”, Young Consumers, 6(4), 72-81.

Hutchinson, S. W., Haynes, S., Parker, P., Dennis, B., McLIN, C. A. R. L. E. N., & Welldaregay, W. (2011). Implementing a multidisciplinary disaster simulation for undergraduate nursing students. Nursing education perspectives, 32(4), 240-243.

Huitema, D., Mostert, E., Egas, W., Moellenkamp, S., Pahl-Wostl, C., Yalcin, R., 2009. Adaptive water governance: assessing the institutional prescriptions of adaptive (co-) management from a governance perspective and defining a research agenda. Ecol. Soc. 14(1), Article 26.

Hult, G.T.M., Ferrell, O.C., 1997. Global organizational learning capability in purchasing: construct and measurement. Journal of Business Research, 40(97), 111–121.

Hult, G.T.M., Hurley, R.F., Knight, G.A., 2004. Innovativeness: its antecedents and impact on business performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 33, 429–438.

Hulme, D., & Shepherd, A. (2003). Conceptualizing chronic poverty. World development, 31(3), 403-423.

Husaini. (2007). Flood and Drought management in Malaysia. Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment. Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment. Malaysia. Retrieved from www.met.gov.my/files/ClimateChange2007/.../K2%20Husaini_p.doc

Husted, B. W.: 2003, ‘Governance Choices for Corporate Social Responsibility: To contribute, Collaborate or Internalize? Long Range Planning, 36 (5), 481–498.

Idrees, I., Vasconcelos, A., & Cox, A. (2011). The use of Grounded Theory in PhD research in knowledge management: A model four-stage research design. Aslib Proceedings, 63(2/3), 188-203.

IFRC (2003) World Disasters Report 2003. IFRC, Geneva

Inoue, Y., Kent, A., & Lee, S. (2011). CSR and the bottom line: Analyzing the link between CSR and financial performance for professional teams. Journal of Sport Management, 25(6), 531-549.

InstituteonGovernance(nd). Building Blocks of Governance Frame- work. Home_ About us_ Governance_ Building Block sofa Governance Framework. Retrieved from: January12,2012. 〈http://iog.ca/〉. International Journal of Business in Society, 13(4), pp. 159-74.

Ismail, M., Alias, S. N., & Mohd Rasdi, R. (2015). Community as stakeholder of the corporate social responsibility programme in Malaysia: outcomes in community development. Social Responsibility Journal, 11(1), 109-130.

Islam, R., Kamaruddin, R., Ahmad, S. A., Jan, S. J., & Anuar, A. R. (2016). A review on mechanism of flood disaster management in Asia. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(1), 29-52.

ISO (2004). “ISO to go ahead with guidelines for social responsibility”, Press Release 924, International Standard Organization, Geneva, 29 June

Ittner, C. D. and D. F. Larcker: 1998, ‘Innovations in Performance Measurement: Trends and Research Implications’, Journal of Management Accounting Research, 10(1), 205–238.

Ittner, C. D. and D. F. Larcker: 2000, ‘Non-Financial Performance Measures: What Works and What Does Not’, Knowledge @ Wharton at http://knowledgewharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=279. Accessed 10 December 2015.

Jackson, P., & Hawker, B. (2001). Is corporate social responsibility here to stay. URL: http://www. cdforum. com/research/icsrhts. doc.

Jameison D (1996), ‘Making money out of (relieving) misery’. DHA News 20 (September/October), 5-6.

Jóhannsdóttir, L., Davíðsdóttir, B., & Ólafsson, S. (2016). Multinational Insurance Companies and Environmental Sustainability Issues.

Jamin, S., Abdullah, S.M., Flood sease butalerton for new wave. The New Straits Times ;2012 December 31. Retrieved from: 〈http://www. nst.com.my/〉.

Jennings, G., Kensbock, S., Junek, O., Radel, K., & Kachel, U. (2010). Lived Experiences of Early Career Researchers: Learning About and Doing Grounded Theory. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 17(1), 21-33.

Jennings, Walter. Qualitative analysis of flavor and fragrance volatiles by glass capillary gas chromatography. Elsevier, 2012.

Jóhannsdóttir, L., Davíðsdóttir, B., & Ólafsson, S. (2016). Multinational Insurance Companies and Environmental Sustainability Issues.

Jóhannsdóttir, L., Wallace, J., & Jones, A. (2012). The primary insurance Industry’s role in managing climate change risks and opportunities. in Managing Climate Change Business Risks and Consequences: Leadership for Global Sustainability, (pp. 51-79). Palgrave Macmillan US.

Johnson, B. R., Connolly, E., & Carter, T. S. (2011). Corporate social responsibility: The role of fortune 100 companies in domestic and international natural disasters. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 18(6), 352-369.

Johnson, C. L., & Priest, S. J. (2008). Flood risk management in England: A changing landscape of risk responsibility?. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 24(4), 513-525.

Johnson, C.L., Priest, S.J., (2008). Flood risk management in England: a changing landscape of risk responsibility? Int. J. Water Resour. Dev. 24(4), 513–525.

Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational researcher, 33(7), 14-26.

Jones, T. M. (1980). Corporate social responsibility revisited, redefined. California management review, 22(3), 59-67.

Jones, C. I. (1995). R & D-based models of economic growth. Journal of political Economy, 759-784.

Jongman, B., Ward, P. J., & Aerts, J. C. (2012). Global exposure to river and coastal flooding: Long term trends and changes. Global Environmental Change, 22(4), 823-835.

Joyner BE, Payne D. 2002. Evolution and implementation: a study of values, business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 41(4), 297–311.

JPS Malaysia. Briefing: Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART). Field trip; 21 November 2012.

Judge, W. Q. and Douglas, Y. T. J. (1998) ‘Performance implications of incorporating natural environmental issues into the strategic planning process: an empirical assessment’, Journal of Management Studies, 35(2), pp. 241–262.

Kanchan, M. (2010). Weaving social responsibility with business strategy: A case study of south India paper mills. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 17(3), 169-172.

Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2001). Transforming the balanced scorecard from performance measurement to strategic management: Part I. Accounting horizons, 15(1), 87-104.

Khanna, M. and Damon, L. A. (1999), ‘EPA's voluntary 33/50 program: impact on toxic releases and economic performance of firms’, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 37, pp. 1–25.

Kellens, W., Terpstra, T., & De Maeyer, P. (2013). Perception and communication of flood risks: a systematic review of empirical research. Risk analysis, 33(1), 24-49.

Keng, C. J., Huang, T. L., Zheng, L. J., & Hsu, M. K. (2007). Modeling service encounters and customer experiential value in retailing: An empirical investigation of shopping mall customers in Taiwan. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 18(4), 349-367.

Kincheloe, J. L., & McLaren, P. (2011). Rethinking critical theory and qualitative research. In Key works in critical pedagogy, (pp. 285-326). Brill Sense.

King, A. and Lenox, M. (2000), ‘Industry self-regulation without sanctions: the chemical industry's Responsible Care Program’, Academy of Management Journal, l 43, pp. 698–716.

King, D. (2004). Understanding the Message: Social and Cultural Constraints to Interpreting Weather-Generated Natural Hazards. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 22(1), 57-74.

King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self-harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC psychiatry, 8(1), 1.

Klassen, R. D. and C. P. Mc Laughlin: 1996, ‘The Impact of Environmental Management on Firm Performance’, Management Science, 42(8), 1199–1214.

Knauer, N. J. (1994). Paradox of Corporate Giving: Tax Expenditures, the Nature of the Corporation, and the Social Construction of Charity, The. DePaul L. Rev., 44, 1.

Kogid, M., Mulok, D., Beatrice, L. F. Y., & Mansur, K. (2010). Determinant factors of economic growth in Malaysia: Multivariate cointegration and causality analysis. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 24, 123-137.

Kolk, A. (2003). Trends in sustainability reporting by the Fortune Global 250. Business strategy and the environment, 12(5), 279-291.

Kotler, P., & Lee, N. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: Doing the most good for your company and your cause. John Wiley & Sons.

Kurucz, E. C., Colbert, B. A. and Wheeler, D. (2008), ‘The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility’, in: A. Crane, A. McWilliams, D. Matten, J. Moon and D. S. Siegel (edn.), The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chapter 4.

Küskü, F. (2007). From necessity to responsibility: Evidence for corporate environmental citizenship activities from a developing country perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 14(2), 74-87.

Krippendorff K. (1980) Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology. Sage Publications, Newbury Park.

Labib Eid, N., & Robert Sabella, A. (2014). A fresh approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR): partnerships between businesses and non-profit sectors. Corporate Governance, 14(3), 352-362.

Lashley, C. (2008). Studying hospitality: Insights from social sciences 1. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8(1), 69-84.

Lashley, C., Lynch, P., & Morrison, A. (Eds.). (2007). Hospitality: A Social Lens. Oxford: Elsevier

Lapan, H., & Moschini, G. (2012). Second-best biofuel policies and the welfare effects of quantity mandates and subsidies. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 63(2), 224-241.

Levy, J. K., Hartmann, J., Li, K. W., An, Y., & Asgary, A. (2007). Multi‐criteria decision support systems for flood hazard mitigation and emergency response in urban watersheds. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 43(2), 346-358.

Lee, M. P.: 2008, ‘A Review of the Theories of Corporate Social Responsibility: Its Evolutionary Path and the Road Ahead’, International Journal of Management Reviews, 10(1), 53–73

Lev, B., Petrovits, C., & Radhakrishnan, S. (2010). Is doing good for you? How corporate charitable contributions enhance revenue growth. Strategic Management Journal, 31(2), 182-200.

Levitt, T. (1958). The Dangers of Social Responsibility. In Read (Ed.), (Vol. 36, pp. 41): Harvard Business School Publication Corp.

Lewis, A., Challinor, A., & Lasenby, A. (2000). Efficient computation of cosmic microwave background anisotropies in closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models. The Astrophysical Journal, 538(2), 473.

Li, W., Wright, P. M., Rukavlna, P. B. and Pickering, M. (2008), “Measuring students perceptions of personal and social responsibility and the relationship to intrinsic motivation in urban physical education”, Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, Vol.27, No. 2, pp. 167-178

Lingane, A. and Olsen, S. (2004), ‘Guidelines for Social Return on Investment’, California Management Review, 46(3) pp. 116-135.

Lindell, M. K., & Perry, R. W. (2000). Household adjustment to earthquake hazard: A review of research. Environment and behavior, 32(4), 461-501.

Lin, C. S., Chang, R. Y., & Dang, V. (2015). An integrated model to explain how corporate social responsibility affects corporate financial performance. Sustainability, 7(7), 8292-8311.

Linnenluecke, M. K., Griffiths, A., & Winn, M. (2012). Extreme weather events and the critical importance of anticipatory adaptation and organizational resilience in responding to impacts. Business Strategy and the Environment, 21(1), 17-32.

Loeber, R., & Hay, D. (1997). Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood. Annual review of psychology, 48(1), 371-410.

Logsdon, J. M., & Wood, D. J. (2002). Business Citizenship: From Domestic to Global Level of Analysis. Business Ethics Quarterly, 12(2), 155-187. doi: 10.2307/3857809

Lounsbury, M., Ventresca, M., & Hirsch, P. M. (2003). Social movements, field frames and industry emergence: a cultural–political perspective on US recycling. Socio-Economic Review, 1(1), 71-104.

Luck, S. J., & Vogel, E. K. (1997). The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions. Nature, 390(6657), 279-281.

Lugosi, P., Lynch, P., & Morrison, A. (2009). Critical hospitality management research. The Service Industries Journal, 29(10), 1465-1478

Lloyds of London with the assistance of Acclimatise., Insurance Information Institute, New York, Lighthill Risk Network, London., Lloyd’s Market Association, London (360 Degree Risk Project) (2006) Climate change; adapt or bust, London: Lloyds.

Lynch, P. (2005). Sociological Impressionism in a Hospitality Context. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), 527-548

Report, Malaysia: Disaster Management Hand Book, 2016

Madsen, P. M., & Rodgers, Z. J. (2015). Looking good by doing good: The antecedents and consequences of stakeholder attention to corporate disaster relief. Strategic Management Journal, 36(5), 776-794.

Madorran, C., & Garcia, T. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: the spanish case. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 56(1), 20-28.

Maignan, I., & Ferrell, O. C. (2001). Antecedents and benefits of corporate citizenship: An investigation of French businesses. Journal of Business Research, 51(1), 37-51.

Maignan, I., & Ferrell, O. C. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and marketing: An integrative framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing science, 32(1), 3-19.

Maignan, I., Ferrell, O. C., & Hult, G. T. M. (1999). Corporate citizenship: Cultural antecedents and business benefits. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(4), 455-469.

Makni, R; Francoeur, C. and Bellavance, F. (2009), ‘Causality Between Corporate Social Performance: Evidence from Canadian Firms’, Journal of Business Ethics, 89, pp.409-422.

Madrakhimova, F. S. (2013, July). Evolution of the concept and definition of corporate social responsibility. In Global Conference on Business and Finance Proceedings, (Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 113-118).

Maphosa, F. (1997). Corporate social responsibility in Zimbabwe: A content analysis of mission statements and annual reports. Zambezia, 24(2), 181-193.

Margolis, J. D., & Walsh, J. P. (2003). Misery loves companies: Rethinking social initiatives by business. Administrative science quarterly, 48(2), 268-305.

Margolis, J. D., Elfenbein, H. A. and Walsh, I. P. (2007), ‘Does it pay to be good? A meta-analysis and redirection of research on the relationship between corporate social and financial performance’, working paper.

Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley & Sons.

Marquis, C., Glynn, M. A., & Davis, G. F. (2007). Community isomorphism and corporate social action. Academy of management review, 32(3), 925-945.

Martinez, J., & Martinez, L. (2011). Some insights on conceptualizing and measuring service quality. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 17(1), 29-42.

Matten, D., Crane, A., & Chapple, W. (2003). Behind the mask: Revealing the true face of corporate citizenship. Journal of business ethics, 45(1-2), 109-120.

McVea, J. F., & Freeman, R. E. (2005). A Names-and-faces approach to stakeholder management how focusing on stakeholders as individuals can bring ethics and entrepreneurial strategy together. Journal of management inquiry, 14(1), 57-69.

McWilliams, A. and Siegel, D. S. (2001), ‘A Theory of the Firm Perspective’, Academy of Management Review, 26(1), pp. 117-127.

McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (1997). The role of money managers in assessing corporate social responsibility research. The Journal of Investing, 6(4), 98-107.

Mehmetoglu, M., & Altinay, L. (2006). Examination of grounded theory analysis with an application to hospitality research. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25(1), 12-33.

Mercer, C. (2001). Future positive: International co-operation in the 21st century by Michael Edwards. Journal of International Development, 13(1), 127-128. doi: 10.1002/jid.740

Mertens, D. (2007). Transformative Paradigm: Mixed Methods and Social Justice. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(3), 212-225.

Merz, B., Hall, J., Disse, M., Schumann, A., 2010. Fluvial flood risk management in a changing world. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 10, 509–527.

Midttun, A. (2005), ‘‘Realigning business, government and civil society: embedded relational

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods.

Miles, M. P. and J. G. Covin: 2000, ‘Environmental Marketing: A Source of Reputational, Competitive,and Financial Advantage’, Journal of Business Ethics, 23(3), 299–311.

Mills, E. (2009). From Risk to Opportunity Insurer Responses to Climate Change.

Miliband, D. (2006). Social exclusion: The next steps forward. London: ODPM.

Milton Friedman, & Friedman, R. D. (1962). Capitalism and Freedom. USA: University of Chicago Press.

Mileti, D. S., & O'Brien, P. W. (1992). Warnings during disaster: Normalizing communicated risk. Social Problems, 39(1), 40-57.

Mirvis, P. H., & Googins, B. (2014). Toward Shared Governance for Sustainability: U.S. Public and Private Sector Roles. Building Networks and Partnerships, 227-260. doi: 10.1108/S2045-0605(2013)0000003012

Mishra, P. P., & Jagannath, H. P. (2008). Corporate social responsibility in coal mining: a case of Singareni Collieries Company Limited. The Indian Society for Ecological Economics (INSEE) Journal.

Mishra, S., & Suar, D. (2010). Does corporate social responsibility influence firm performance of Indian companies?. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(4), 571-601.

Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of management review, 22(4), 853-886.

Mohamed Shaluf, I., & Ahmadun, F. L. R. (2006). Disaster types in Malaysia: an overview. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 15(2), 286-298.

Mohr, L. A., & Webb, D. J. (2005). The effects of corporate social responsibility and price on consumer responses. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(1), 121-147.

Moir, L. (2001). What Do We Mean by Corporate Social Responsibility? The International Journal for Effective Board Performance, 1(2), 16–22.

Montgomery, D. B., & Ramus, C. A. (2007). Including corporate social responsibility, environmental sustainability, and ethics in calibrating MBA job preferences.

Moon, J., & Vogel, D. (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility, Government and Civil Society: Oxford university press.

Morrison, A. (2002). Hospitality Research: A Pause for Reflection. International Journal of Tourism Research, 4, 161-169.

Moura‐Leite, R. C., & Padgett, R. C. (2011). Historical background of corporate social responsibility. Social Responsibility Journal, 7(4), 528-539. doi: doi:10.1108/1747111111117511

Mouton, J., & Marais, H. C. (1988). Basic concepts in the methodology of the social sciences. HSRC Press.

Mullins, A., & Soetanto, R. (2013). Ethnic differences in perceptions of social responsibility: informing risk communication strategies for enhancing community resilience to flooding. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 22(2), 119-131.

National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM). Regional hydroclimate model of peninsular Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 2006.

Ngai Weng Chan, (1995) "Flood disaster management in Malaysia: an evaluation of the effectiveness of government resettlement schemes", Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, Vol. 4 Iss: 4, pp.22 – 29

Nijhof, A., Bruijn, T. d., & Honders, H. (2007). Partnerships for corporate social responsibility - A review of concepts and strategic options. Management Decision, 46(1), 152 – 167

Nordin, R. M., Latip, E., Zawawi, E. A., & Ismail, Z. (2018, February). Opportunities for corruption across Flood Disaster Management (FDM). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, (Vol. 117, No. 1, p. 012011). IOP Publishing.

Noris, E. (2012). Let's move responsible capitalism from boardrooms to shop floors, Newspaper, The Guardian. Available at http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/csr-responsible-business-social-impact. Retrieved on 8th March 2012.

Nussbaum, M. C. (2006). Education and democratic citizenship: Capabilities and quality education. Journal of human development, 7(3), 385-395.

Okoye, C. O. B., & Nyiatagher, T. D. (2009). Physico-chemical quality of shallow well-waters in Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 23(1), 123-128.

Orlitzky, M. (2008), ‘Social-environmental responsibility and financial performance: A Research Synthesis’, in: A. Crane, A. McWilliams, D. Matten, J. Moon and D. S. Siegel (edn.), The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chapter 5.

Orlitzky, M., & Benjamin, J. D. (2001). Corporate social performance and firm risk: A meta-analytic review. Business & Society, 40(4), 369-396.

Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L. and Rynes, S. L. (2003), ‘Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis’, Organization Studies, 24(3), pp. 403–441.

Orlitzky, M., Siegel, D. S., & Waldman, D. A. (2011). Strategic corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability. Business & society,50(1), 6-27.

Parsons, T. (1961). An outline of the social system. University of Puerto Rico, Department of Social Sciences.

Pateman, C., & Mills, C. W. (2007). Contract and domination. Polity.

Patton, M. Q. (1988). Paradigms and pragmatism. Qualitative approaches to evaluation in education: The silent scientific revolution, 116-137.

Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. SAGE Publications, inc.

Paisley, W. J. (1969). Studying style as deviation from encoding norms. The analysis of communications content: Developments in scientific theories and computer techniques, 133-46.

Pava, M. and Krauz, J. (1996), ‘The Association Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: The Paradox of Social Cost’, Journal of Business Ethics, 15(3), pp. 321-57.

Pelling, M., & Dill, K. (2006). Natural'disasters as catalysts of political action. Media Development, 53(4), 7.

Pelling, M., & Dill, K. (2010). Disaster politics: tipping points for change in the adaptation of sociopolitical regimes. Progress in human geography, 34(1), 21-37.

Peloza, J. (2009). The challenge of measuring financial impacts from investments in corporate social performance. Journal of Management.

Penning-Rowsell, E., Johnson, C., & Tunstall, S. (2006). ‘Signals’ from pre-crisis discourse: lessons from UK flooding for global environmental policy change?. Global Environmental Change, 16(4), 323-339.

Peterson, R. T. and Jun, M. (2007), “ Perceptions on social responsibility: the entrepreneurial vision”,Business Society Online First [online] available from: http://bas.sagepub.com/cgi/rapidpdf/0007650307305758v1 [accessed 2 March 2010].

Philip Kotler & Nancy, L. (2005). Corporate social responsibility: doing the most good for your company and your cause: Hoboken, N.J. Wiley, 2005.

Philip, K., & Lee, N. (2005). Corporate social responsibility: Doing the most good for your company and your cause. Resource Policy, 27, 61-75.

Phillips, P. A. (1996). Strategic planning and business performance in the quoted UK hotel sector: results of an exploratory study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 15(4), 347-362.

Pitt, M. (2008), The Pitt Review – Learning Lessons from the 2007 Floods. Cabinet Office, London.

Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2002). The competitive advantage of corporate.

Posnikoff, J. F. (1997). Disinvestment from South Africa: They did well by doing good. Contemporary Economic Policy, 15(1), 76-86.

Prahalad, C. K. (2012). Bottom of the Pyramid as a Source of Breakthrough Innovations. Journal of product innovation management, 29(1), 6-12.

Preston, L. E. (1975). Corporation and society: the search for a paradigm. Journal of economic literature, 434-453.

Preston, L. E. and O’Bannon, D. P. (1997), ‘The Corporate Social-Financial Performance Relationship: A Typology and Analysis’, Business and Society, 36, pp. 419– 429.

Qrunfleh, S., & Tarafdar, M. (2014). Supply chain information systems strategy: Impacts on supply chain performance and firm performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 147, 340-350.

Rai, A., Patnayakuni, R., & Seth, N. (2006). Firm performance impacts of digitally enabled supply chain integration capabilities. MIS quarterly, 225-246.

ReliefWeb (2010). 2010 Annual statistics Published online on reliefweb.int retrieved on June 2016

Re, M. (2002). Topics annual review: natural catastrophes 2002. Munich Reinsurance Group, Geoscience Research, Munich, Germany.

Richardson, J. (2004), ‘Accounting for Sustainability’, in: Adrian Henriques and Julie Richardson (eds) The Triple Bottom Line: does it all add up. London: EarthScan.

Rivoli, P., & Waddock, S. (2011). The Grand Misapprehension: A response to Aneel Karnani's “‘Doing Well by Doing Good’: The Grand Illusion”. California Management Review, 53(2), 112-116.

Robin, D. P., & Reidenbach, R. E. (1987). Social responsibility, ethics, and marketing strategy: Closing the gap between concept and application. The Journal of Marketing, 44-58.

Rodriguez, F.J.G. and Cruz, Y.M.A. (2007), Relationship between social-environmental responsibility and performance in hotel firms: Hospitality Management, 26, pp. 824-839.

Rupp, N. G. (2009). Do carriers internalize congestion costs? Empirical evidence on the internalization question. Journal of Urban Economics, 65(1), 24-37.

Rushton, J. P. (2004), “Genetic and environmental contributions to pro-social attitudes: a twin study of social responsibility”, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.271, No. 1557, pp. 2583-2585.

Russo, M. V. and Fouts, P. A. (1997), ‘A resource-based perspective on corporate environmental performance and profitability’, Academy of Management Journal, 40(3) pp. 534–559

Saldana, J. (2009). An introduction to codes and coding. The coding manual for qualitative researchers, 3.

Salama, A. (2005), ‘A note on the impact of environmental performance on financial performance’, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 16, pp. 413-421.

Salmah I. Malaysia: water and climate change - projection, vulnerability, adaptation. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop in Developing Partnerships for Water and Climate Change Adaptation, Hotel Equatorial Bangi-Putrajaya, Selangor, Malaysia, 2008, December.

Salzmann, O., Ionescu-Somers, A. and Steger, U. (2005), ‘The Business Case for Corporate Sustainability: Literature Review and Options’, European Management Journal, 23(1), pp.27-36.

Salinas, C. X., & Mendieta, J. (2013). Mitigation and adaptation investments for desertification and climate change: an assessment of the socioeconomic return. Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change, 18(5), 659-672.

Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A., Booij, M., & Verckens, J. P. (2011). Methoden en technieken van onderzoek. Pearson Education.

Sarkar, S., & Searcy, C. (2016). Zeitgeist or chameleon? A quantitative analysis of CSR definitions. Journal of cleaner production, 135, 1423-1435.

Sachs, S., Maurer, M., Rühli, E., & Hoffmann, R. (2006). Corporate social responsibility from a “stakeholder view” perspective: CSR implementation by a Swiss mobile telecommunication provider. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 6(4), 506-515.

Schembri, S., & Sandberg, J. (2002). Service quality and the consumer's experience: towards an interpretive approach. Marketing Theory, 2(2), 189-205

Schilizzi, S. (2002), ‘Triple Bottom Line Accounting: How serious is it’? Connections. Online publication of Agribusiness Association of Australia. Available at: http://www.agrifood.info/10pub_conn_Win2002.htm. [Accessed December 11, 2015].

Schuler, D. A., & Cording, M. (2006). A corporate social performance–corporate financial performance behavioral model for consumers. Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 540-558.

Schwartz, M. S., & Carroll, A. B. (2003). Corporate social responsibility: A three-domain approach. Business ethics quarterly, 13(04), 503-530.

Sen, S., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2001). Does doing good always lead to doing better? Consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility. Journal of marketing Research, 38(2), 225-243.

Sethi, S. P. (1975). Dimensions of corporate social performance: An analytical framework. California management review, 17(3), 58-64.

Sharma, A., & Kiran, R. (2013). Corporate social responsibility: driving forces and challenges. International Journal of Business Research and Development (IJBRD), 2(1).

Shirley, C, Suan, A and Leng, C 2009, ‘Corporate social responsibility reporting in Malaysia: An analysis of Website reporting of Second Board companies listed in Bursa Malaysia’, SEG Review, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 85-98. Available at: http://www.segi.edu.my/onlinereview/chapters/vol2-chap8.pdf

Sobhani, F. A., Amran, A., & Zainuddin, Y. (2009). Revisiting the practices of corporate social and environmental disclosure in Bangladesh. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 16(3), 167-183.

Solomon, S. (2007, December). IPCC (2007): Climate change the physical science basis. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts.

Silvers, A., & Francis, L. P. (2005). Justice through trust: Disability and the “outlier problem” in social contract theory. Ethics, 116(1), 40-76.

Simmons, C.J. & Becker-Olsen, K. L. (2006). Achieving marketing objectives through social sponsorships. Journal of Marketing, 70, 154-169.

Simona, S., Marcel, U. N., & Ioan, P. (2011). Vulnerability Analysis on Precipitation Phenomena Through Dedicated Insurance of Urban Ecosystem.

Sin, L. Y., Tse, A. C., Yau, O. H., Chow, R. P., & Lee, J. S. (2005). Market orientation, relationship marketing orientation, and business performance: The moderating effects of economic ideology and industry type. Journal of International Marketing, 13(1), 36-57.

Siwar, C., & Noramelia, M. W. (2004). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Costs for R&D And Financial Performance in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Malaysia. In The 2004 Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management Conference Proceedings, Nottingham, (pp. 285-294).

Slywotzky, A. J., Morrison, D. J., and Weber, K. How Digital Is Your Business?, Crown Business, New York, 2000

Smith, N. C., Read, D., & Lopez-Rodriguez, S. (2010). Consumer perceptions of corporate social responsibility: The CSR halo effect. SSRN Electronic Journal, 23.

Smith, R. E. (2011). Defining corporate social responsibility: A systems approach for socially responsible capitalism.

Snider, J., Hill, R. P., & Martin, D. (2003). Corporate social responsibility in the 21st century: A view from the world's most successful firms. Journal of Business ethics, 48(2), 175-187.

Spanos, Y. E., & Lioukas, S. (2001). An examination into the causal logic of rent generation: contrasting Porter's competitive strategy framework and the resource‐based perspective. Strategic management journal, 22(10), 907-934.

Stanwick, P. and Stanwick, S. (1998), ‘The Relationship Between Corporate Social Performance and Organizational Size and Financial Performance and Environmental Performance: An Empirical Examination’, Journal of Business Ethics, 17(2), pp. 194-204.

Stern, P. (1980). Grounded theory methodology: its uses and processes. Image, 12(1), 20 – 23

Stern, N., & Stern, N. H. (2007). The economics of climate change: the Stern review. cambridge University press.

Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. California: SAGE Publications.

Su, Q. and Song, L. (2010), ‘Do the Journals Prefer Positive Results? A Study on the Publication Bias of CSR and CFP Relationship in China’. Working paper.

Sulaiman, M., Abdullah, N., & Fatima, A. H. (2014). Determinants of environmental reporting quality in Malaysia. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 22(1).

Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of management review, 20(3), 571-610.

Sullivan, G. (Ed.). (2010). Art practice as research: Inquiry in visual arts. Sage.

Suddaby, R. (2006). From the editors: What grounded theory is not.

Székely, F., & Knirsch, M. (2005). Responsible leadership and corporate social responsibility: Metrics for sustainable performance. European Management Journal, 23(6), 628-647.

Tan, A., Benni, D., & Liani, W. (2016). Determinants of corporate social responsibility disclosure and investor reaction. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(4S).

Tan, J. (2010). Grounded theory in practice: issues and discussion for new qualitative researchers. Journal of Documentation, 66(1), 93-112.

Taplin, J. R., Bent, D., & Aeron‐Thomas, D. (2006). Developing a sustainability accounting framework to inform strategic business decisions: a case study from the chemicals industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 15(5), 347-360.

Therborn, G. (2007). Is there a future for the family?. Public policy research, 14(1), 41-46.

Ten Brinke, W. B., Saeijs, G. E., Helsloot, I., & van Alphen, J. (2008, June). Safety chain approach in flood risk management. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer, (Vol. 161, No. 2, pp. 93-102). London: Published for the Institution of Civil Engineers by Thomas Telford Services, c1992

Teoh H, Thong G. 1984. Another Look at Corporate Social Responsibility and Reporting: An Empirical Study in a Developing Country. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 9: 189–206.

Thaler, T., & Priest, S. (2014). Partnership funding in flood risk management: new localism debate and policy in England. Area, 46(4), 418-425.

Thaler, T., Priest, S., Fuchs, S., 2015. Evolving inter-regional co-operation in flood risk management: distances and types of partnership approaches in Austria. Reg. Environ. Change, 1–13.

Thornton, D., Kagan, R.A. and Gunningham, N. (2003) Sources of corporate environmental performance. California Management Review, 46(1), pp. 127–141.

Tronvoll, B., Brown, S. W., Gremler, D. D., & Edvardsson, B. (2011). Paradigms in service research. Journal of Service Management, 22(5), 560-585.

Tucker, M. (1997). Climate change and the insurance industry: the cost of increased risk and the impetus for action. Ecological Economics, 22(2), 85-96.

Turban, D. and Greening, D. (1996), ‘Corporate social performance and organizational attractiveness to prospective employees’, Academy of Management Journal, 40, pp. 658- 672.

Twigg, J. (2001). Corporate social responsibility and disaster reduction: a global overview: Benfield Greig Hazard Research Centre London.

UN (United Nations) (2000), ‘Development of guidelines on role and social responsibility of private sector.’ Report of the Secretary – General to the Preparatory Committee for the Special Session of UN General Assembly on the World Summit for Social Development and beyond (A/AC.253/21). New York: United Nations.

UN (United nations) (2015), The Millennium Development Goals Report

Unicef. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility Policies in Malaysia: Enhancing the Child Focus. Kuala Lumpur: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Malaysia.

UNISDR, 2011. Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2011: Revealing Risk, Redefining Development. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction. United Nations, Geneva.

Urquhart, C. (2013). Grounded Theory for Qualitative Research. London: Sage Publications.

Vachon, S., & Klassen, R. D. (2008). Environmental management and manufacturing performance: The role of collaboration in the supply chain. International journal of production economics, 111(2), 299-315.

Van Marrewijk, M. (2003). Concepts and definitions of CSR and corporate sustainability: Between agency and communion. Journal of business ethics, 44(2), 95-105.

Vance, S. (1975), ‘Are Socially Responsible Firms Good Investment Risks’? Management Review, 64, pp. 18–24.

Venkatraman, N., & Ramanujam, V. (1986). Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison of approaches. Academy of management review, 11(4), 801-814.

Vogel, D. J. (2005). Is there a market for virtue? The business case for corporate social responsibility. California management review, 47(4), 19-45.

Vorhies, D. W., & Harker, M. (2000). The Capabilities and Perfor Mance Advantages of Market‐Driven Firms: An Empirical Investigation. Australian journal of management, 25(2), 145-171.

Votaw, D. (1972). Genius becomes rare: A comment on the doctrine of social responsibility Pt. I. California management review, 15(2), 25-31.

Waddock, S. A., & Graves, S. B. (1997). The corporate social performance-financial performance link. Strategic management journal, 303-319.

Waddock, S. and Graves S. (1997b) Findings the Link between Stakeholder Relations and Quality of Management, Journal of Investing, 6(4), pp. 20-25.

Waldman, D.A., Luque, M. S., Washburn, N. & House, R. J. (2006). Cultural and leadership predictors of corporate social responsibility values of top management: a globe study of 15 countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 37, 823-837.

Walker, D., & Myrick, F. (2006). Grounded Theory: An Exploration of Process and Procedure. Qualitative Health Research, 16(4), 547-559.

Walsh, K. (2003). Qualitative research: Advancing the science and practice of hospitality. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(2), 66-74.

Wan‐Jan, W. S. (2006). Defining corporate social responsibility. Journal of Public Affairs, 6(3‐4), 176-184.

Wartick, S. L., & Rude, R. E. (1986). Issues management: Corporate fad or corporate function?. California Management Review, 29(1), 124-140.

WBCSD. (2000). Making Good Business Sense (pp. 8): World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).

Welford, R., & Frost, S. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in Asian supply chains. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 13(3), 166-176.

Weng Chan, N. (1995). Flood disaster management in Malaysia: an evaluation of the effectiveness of government resettlement schemes. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 4(4), 22-29.

Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource‐based view of the firm. Strategic management journal, 5(2), 171-180.

Wempe, B. (2005). In defense of a self-disciplined, domain-specific social contract theory of business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 15(1), 113-135.

Wheater, H. S. (2002). Progress in and prospects for fluvial flood modelling. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 360(1796), 1409-1431.

Whetten, D. A., Rands, G., & Godfrey, P. (2002). What are the responsibilities of business to society. Handbook of strategy and management, 373-408.

Wilson, E., Harris, C., & Small, J. (2008). Furthering critical approaches in tourism and hospitality studies: Perspectives from Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 15, 15-18.

Windsor, D. (2006). Corporate social responsibility: Three key approaches. Journal of management studies, 43(1), 93-114.

Winstedt, R. O. (1927). The great flood, 1926. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 5(2 (100), 295-309.

Wisner, B., P. Blaikie, T. Cannon and I. Davies (2004) At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters. Second Edition. Routledge, London.

WMO, 2006a. Environmental Aspects of Integrated Flood Management. Flood Management Policy Series. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva.

WMO, 2006b. Social Aspects and Stakeholder Involvement in Integrated Flood Management. Flood Management Policy Series. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva.

WMO, 2009. Integrated Flood Management: Concept Paper. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva.

Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate social performance revisited. Academy of management review, 16(4), 691-718.

Worrell, D. L., Gilley, K.M., Davidson, III, W.N. and El-Jelly, A. (1995), ‘When green turns to red: stock market reaction to announced greening activities’, Proceeding of the Academy of Management Meeting: held at Vancouver, Canada, pp. 1-3.

Wright, P., & Ferris, S. P. (1997). Research notes and communications agency conflict and corporate strategy: the effect of divestment on corporate value. Strategic management journal, 18, 77-83.

Wu, M. L. (2006), ‘Social-environmental responsibility, Corporate Financial Performance, and Firm Size: A Meta- Analysis’, Journal of American Academy of Business, 8(1), pp. 163–171.

Wu, S. I., & Lu, C. L. (2012). The relationship between CRM, RM, and business performance: A study of the hotel industry in Taiwan. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), 276-285.

Yang, Q., & Crowther, D. (2012). The relationship between CSR, profitability and sustainability in China. Developments in Corporate Governance and Responsibility, 3, 155-175.

Yang, T., & Zhao, S. (2014). CEO duality and firm performance: Evidence from an exogenous shock to the competitive environment. Journal of Banking & Finance, 49, 534-552.

Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (rd edition).

Yusoff, I. Y. M., & Lau, S. Y. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility: Ranking Public Listed Companies in Malaysia. Reitaku Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 24, 107-126.

Yusuf A.A. & Francisco H. Climate change vulnerability mapping for Southeast Asia. Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA), 2009. 22 Cross Street, #02-55 South Bridge Court, Singapore 048421, 26 pp. Available at http://www.preventionweb.net/files/7865 _12324196651MappingReport1.pdf.

Zadek, S. (2004). The path to corporate responsibility. Harvard business review, 82(12).

Zainal, D., & Zainuddin, S. (2013). Corporate social responsibility reporting in Malaysia: A research note. Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives, 6(1), 21-36.

Downloads

PDF

Published

November 24, 2022